The  3 atomic families of growing mass.

The ternary horizons of the atom and the dual principle (2 particles, the quark dominant in information, the electron in energy, and 2 spatial forces, the gravitational, informative neutrino, and the electromagnetic, energetic photon) explain the 12 stable particles of reality.

The 3 families of matter are a tautology. In the Universe all systems are made of energy and information and a combination of both. So everywhere we find ternary systems, one of energy and of energy and information and one of information, which can be ordered in a simple ternary series: E>EI>Max. I. In that sense the 3 particle families are 3 families of growing gravitational information, of growing mass. You also live 3 ages, the youth, or age of energy, the mature age when you reproduce combining energy and information, and your 3rd age or age of information.
The existence of ternary E>Ei>I systems that evolve towards more information is a basic law of the Universe, extensively researched by System Scientists and Biologists. It is a well established part of all sciences that study the 3 horizons of rocks, animals, life ages, and infinite other patterns.

2. Einstein’s work in terms of cyclical time.
The principle of Conservation of Information completes the law of Conservation of Energy, creating together the 2 arrows of the Universe. It also ads to the principles of lineal inertia and continuity proper of an energetic, lineal field, the principles of cyclical inertia and quantization proper of any informative, temporal field. Only the interaction of those 2 arrows with its opposite, yet complementary properties creates real, curved 4-dimensional space-time fields that General Relativity studies. Thus, to adapt Relativity to Quantic Spaces-Times we ad the principle of cyclical inertia to the 3 main discoveries of Einstein in his study of space-time beings:
- The first discovery of Einstein’ Relativity is the so called ‘Equivalence Principle’, that states the homology between mass and acceleration:       Mass=acceleration.
According to Einstein, a being that accelerates is a being that acquires mass. For example, when you accelerate in a rocket or a car you feel a mass-force that throws you back. But Einstein defined acceleration as a lineal, continuous event, when according to the dual arrows of the Universe, it can be also a cyclical, discontinuous process. Since both cyclical movement and cyclical acceleration are natural, inertial. In fact, as Kepler and Cusa said, a lineal trajectory can be treated as a small interval of a big cycle. Thus, on one hand the cycles of atoms and stars, moving at constant speeds are eternal, inertial cyclical movements; while according to the Equivalence Principle, a mass becomes a cyclical, rotational, temporal, accelerated movement. A mass is not a fixed particle. Fixed forms are mental illusions; since everything real is quantic, temporal energy in perpetual movement. So a mass is, as Einstein put it, time that curves energy; or in static terms, a knot of temporal information that warps spatial extension into a vortex of form. Let us put 3 examples of the 3 relative scales of the Universe: the microscopic, human and cosmological scale:
 In Quantic Physics a mass depends on the Particle’s spin that is its angular, cyclical, rotating movement. Both concepts are now synonymous: a mass is a cyclical form that turns around, accelerating inwards
In a our scale of size, a mass is similar to a vortex defined in Mechanics as a cyclical, accelerated movement that ‘attracts’ energy, transforming it into a ‘height dimension’ of temporal information.
In the cosmological scale a mass is similar to a black hole, the central ‘vortex’ of a spiral galaxy that turns cyclically as the stars fall towards the inner black hole of maximum mass.
 That is why Einstein also defined a mass as a measurement of the curvature of space given by its ‘temporal mass-content’; while energy is the opposite state: a measurement of the distension of space, of fields of force that increases their linear extension. Thus, a mass is ‘a bidimensional, cyclical, temporal vortex of gravitation’ that creates at cosmological level the curvature of space. Therefore mass, information, space curvature and cyclical time are synonymous.
- So in physical space, time curves energy into form. A process that Einstein formalized in the space-time equations of his ‘General Relativity’, which explain in detail how temporal masses curve the spatial energy of vacuum, creating the ‘informative’ positive, evolutionary arrow of time:

G (curvature of a continuous field of space/time) = (8p g) x S energy x mass of the field.

Where G (S-T), is the space/time seen as a continuous form, with a certain temporal curvature and spatial extension. While in the other side, 8gp is a constant of proportionality and S e x m the perception of time/space as a discontinuous, quantic aggregation of energies and masses that create the curved geometry of the total space/time. So what Einstein says is that the continuous space/time, G(S-T), is equivalent to its discontinuous elements, its temporal masses and spatial energies. Therefore, by considering the space/time a continuous form in one side and a discontinuous sum of masses and energy quanta in the other side of the equation, Einstein demonstrates also the quantic nature of time and space, as a sum of masses and energies that our senses integrate into a single form. Since the previous equation is an equality, which means that space-time, truly ‘is’ the sum of energy quanta and temporal masses. Einstein’s only error was to be a ‘platonic idealist’, who preferred to  choose as ‘real’ the left side of that equation, the single space-time continuum, which was in fact the ‘linguistic, mathematical, mental’ image that simplifies the quantic reality. Since reality is the right side, the quantic pieces of time (masses) that curved the quantic actions of spatial energy discovered by Planck a few years before.
- Finally Einstein’s equation, E=Mc2, writes, using the Planck constants that measure his actions, as Energy=Mass. Yet since a mass is an implosive knot of gravitational information (static perception) or an accelerated cycle of time (dynamic perception) we write that equation as E<=>T(m), which becomes a particular case of the Quantic Spaces-Times equation, explaining the fact that ‘lineal waves of energetic radiation’ become ‘temporal vortices of gravitational mass’ in informative processes and vice versa in atomic explosions mass dissolves into energy. That is, energy becomes ‘trans-formed’ into a mass, a cyclical vortex of time and vice versa. Since, in as much as a mass is a mere cyclical form, when the cycle straightens itself into a line, in a micro interval of time, it suddenly becomes pure, expanding energy. Hence it is possible to describe atomic explosions and big-bang explosions as an inversion of pure cyclical movement, of ‘mass’, into lineal, explosive movement, into ‘energy’ that might happen truly in a microsecond. For example, the big bang becomes the explosion of a hyper-Mass vortex of minimal spatial radius, probably a hyper-black hole.

3. Attractive, implosive vortices transform energy into time.

A 3-dimensional, still nebulae, transforms through the gravitational force its form into a bidimensional vortex of mass, in which the still dimension of temporal ‘height’ becomes a temporal dimension of ordered rotating movement, which expels ‘energy’ in the form of angular momentum towards its border, imploding informative mass towards the center. The process, which is responsible of the creation of most cosmological objects, shows how the different transformations of the 4 dimensions of energy and information define most physical events of the Universe, which Einstein explained for a continuous, lineal Universe and we adapt to the multiple, discontinuous, quantic, Non-Euclidean worlds in which that Universe divides itself.

A vortex describes the properties of a mass, simplifying Einstein’s equations:
We equal a quantic, temporal vortex of gravitational information and a mass. And we describe the Universe as a flat plane of spatial energy born in the spatial big-bang, which ‘gravitational cycles of time’ called ‘masses’ curve. A mass is a bidimensional, accelerated, cyclical movement, anchored by its rotation around its center or singularity; a point that offers a resistance to any linear displacement of its position, proportional to the intensity of that rotational acceleration, which we perceive as weight. Since any mass vortex “sucks in”, like the vortex of a bathtub does, the spatial energy around it, compressing it into the dimension of height. A phenomenon, which is perceived as an attraction, as a gravitational force that eliminates spatial distance between 2 masses. A mass is like a hurricane that attracts anything towards its center and when it cycles faster, it attracts more energy-space, bringing closer 2 forms, which happens according to the well-known law of any vortex, Vo x Ro=K, when its radius, Ro, is minimal. The vortex formula says that the product of the speed and the radius of a vortex are constant, so the narrower, denser, more curved the vortex’ radius is (min. R), the faster and more accelerated it will move (max. V), to make that product, max. V x min. R, constant (=K). It is the black hole paradox: the smaller the mass is, the greater weight it has. So a nucleon or a cyclical black hole has maximum mass because it has the maximum curvature, the minimal radius and the highest angular momentum. The black hole weights more than the bigger star and the proton more than the spatially extended electron, since they are smaller masses, rotating faster as they create, like a hurricane does, a dimension of height. The classic representation of a black hole illustrates this fact. We know mathematically that a black hole changes its parameters of space into time. But only through the understanding of height as a dimension of time, we can fully relate the geometrical and algebraic process. Since a black hole has ∞ height, as a particle of pure time. While particles of minimum or null mass like the electron and the photon, have the minimum curvature and the maximum linearity.
Thus, in cyclical terms, the 3 fundamental findings of Einstein, ‘The Equivalence Principle’, ‘The Curvature of space-time’ and the Energy-Mass transformation, ‘E=Mc2’, prove the equivalence between mass and gravitational, temporal in-form-ation. Further on, they establish the main physical events as transformations of time forms, particles and vortices of cyclical movement, into spatial fields of forces and flows of linear movement and vice versa, according to the duality of space-time and The Principle of Conservation of Energy and Information. For example:
            - The energy wave/temporal particle’s dual event: All forms fluctuate between an extended, spatial form and an implosive, temporal form, a wave or a particle. A fact that is not an error of perception, as some physicists believe but an internal, natural feature of all physical entities that have an informative state and a spatial field/body. It’s the duality of charges and masses, knots of time Vs fields of forces they emit or absorb.
            - The duality and transformation between linear, spatial, explosive movements and cyclical, angular, implosive movements in time. Which are also complementary. So lineal electric flows create magnetic, cyclical fields and vice versa.

4. The determination of the mass of particles.

The consequences of the previous analysis of a mass that simplifies the equations of relativity by homology with a fluid vortex has been proved by the fact that inversely we can study a fluid vortex also with the equations of relativity that show the exact geometry of a fluid falling into a bath tub... As in fact, space-time is a fluid made of lineal and cyclical, space and time vortex. Again, the fact that the recent models of strings consider space-time a fluid of 2 type of strings, lineal strings (space quanta) and cyclical strings (gravitational quanta or spin-vortices of mass) proves once more that our model is sound. Let us consider now a numerical prove, which has been searched for the past 50 years by physicists with little success departing from lineal quantum theory. What is is termed as the Grand Unification Theory that should explain 3 facts we have easily explained in this web: why there are 3 familes and only 3 families of mass in the Universe (which are the 3 evolutive horizons of any organic system) and why the masses of its fundamental particles are what they are.

In quantum space-time, the leading theory of Relativity today at work, we study space-time as a fluid of strings, lineal flows of ‘space-time water’ that can also curl into spins, vortices of mass, of which the fundamental unit is a quark. 
Now the equations of general relativity can be used to describe a fluid vortex of any kind, even a fluid vortex of water like the one that appears in a tub, as they describe the exact geometry of any fluid vortex made of quantic particles. In the case of the tub, they study the molecular vortex of water and the sound phonons it makes. That vortex though can be studied with the rather more simple vortex equation of classic mechanics: VoRo=K.

And alternately, when we consider the space-time a quantum fluid vortex of electromagnetic quanta/strings and mass spins/quarks, we can either study it with the equations of relativity or the simpler equations of  a classic vortex...
As I presume the readers are not Relativity specialists and the 10 dimensional equations of relativity are fairly complex and only add detail to the classic study, we will use the simple VoRo=K case. In essence, both are homologous analysis as the study of the movements of planets by Copernicus, Ptolomei with his complex epicycles, Kepler and Newton are similar. Though the simplest are those who have the sounder logic and put the Earth turning around the sun. In this case the sounder logic is to consider the Principle of Equivalence between mass and curved acceleration, which means that a mass, is a region of accelerated space-time curved into a vortex.
The strongest prove on that homology is the fact that the mass of an object both in the macro scale and micro scale is related to the angular momentum or speed of rotation of the object. So we can consider an even more simple homology: the mass of a particle is equivalent to its angular momentum and hence to its rotational speed.
With that homology we can establish simple values and relationships for the fundamental masses of the Universe, considering them vortex regions of space-time.
Now, the Universe we live in is fruit of the explosion of a particle called the down quark which divides in 2 new particles, the up quark which is a very  fast vortex extended in a very small space, Min. Ro x Max. Vo =K  and the electron which is a vortex with max. space and minimal vortex speed, Max. Ro x  Min. Vo= K.
And it turns out that the electron has 10 times less vortex speed that the up quark and exactly 10 times less mass, proving the equivalence between angular momentum and mass.
Indeed we know the speed of the electron, which is 30.000 km./s, that is, a 10th of the speed of light, c/10. We hint that the quark has a rotational speed equal to that of light, c, and hence the same that a black hole, which rotates at c speed and seems to be a super fluid of quarks. This also is in agreement with the decametric structure of the Universe.  So we can substitute and do some high school maths:

Down Quark (10 Mev)  = Up quark   (5 Mev) x Electron (0.5 Mev).

Thus it is obvious that the down quark splits in 2 equal particles in terms of mass-energy, one is the up quark, which trades his space (Ro) for an increasing of rotational speed=mass (v=C), and the other is the electron which trades its mass=rotational speed for his angular momentum (V=c/10), and both together shape an atom which holds the fundamental law of balance of the Universe E (the electron or energetic body of the atom) = Ti (the up quark or fundamental mass of the atom)…

But wait a minute, in an atom there are 3 quarks… not one. It is that truth? No, when we consider that the quark is faster and hence we are not seeing as electronic beings 3 quarks but a quark in rapid succession, 3 quarks fast in time that at our speed of perception appear as one. It is like seeing a fast car moving in a road, we see a line, like if there were several quarks in a row. So what really the nucleon is a very fast quark mutating states, each one with a -1/3 or a +2/3 charge. This perception of the quarks as a temporal series, not a spatial structure explains of course why we don’t see them, as there are only one, why we see only a fractional charge, as we have to add up the 3 of them, and then it is not fractional but 1, and finally why quarks are so powerful, as they are much faster than electrons.

But the simple mass relationships that quantum relativity prove go further. Because when we go into the next evolved mass particle, the strange quark, it turns out that it also holds a very simple decametric relationship The strange quark waits around 100 Mev very close to the weight that its heavy electron the muon has (105 Mev), with again a decametric jump respect to the down quark. Thus we conclude again that the strange quark is either a  vortex with Vo=10c  and hence a micro-black hole in its own, or a bosonic state of down quarks with 10 piled up… The next quark the charm quark weights 1.5 Gev and splits into strange quarks and muons and so again it holds a simple decametric scale… With a few adjustments for ‘wasted radiation=energy’ that appears in those reactions in the form of gravitational neutirinos and electromagnetic radiation and the different dimensions of mass which is tridimensional respect to a vortex (since our analysis is a simplifying one for a bidimensional vortex, VoRo=K), it is easy to obtain the different masses of particles, which physicists call the Grand Unification Theory…

I leave to the reader to do the calculus  if so he wish: he should quantize those masses, calculate the different rotational speeds and dimensions of those particles (as different particles extend in different dimensions and we have only studied in this paragraph the simplest, most perfect bidimensional vortex) and then he will find they match those masses. Now those other particles do not have perfect numbers in their masses, because they are irregular vortices, and hence as comets in the solar system, mutations in biology with deformed shapes, they don’t survive in the Darwinian Universe. Indeed, their existence as resonance that lives very short is a clear prove that the Universe is both geometrical, mathematical in its ExT formal harmonies and biological in the selection in time of only the most efficient species.

The 3 families of mass: the why is biological the how is geometrical.

Thus, once we know the biological ternary ages of masses and its geometrical interpetation is very simple to understand why there are 3 families of mass, composed of quarks in informative/energetic states that shape the informative brain of the atom and 3 species of electrons that shape their bodies. Since those particles and forces that compose the atom have evolved, increasing their mass information in 3 Horizons. So there are 3 main types of photons, electrons, gravitational neutrinos and quarks in their energetic and informative dual states (up and down quarks), which according to the law of the 3 ages, create 3 atomic families with increasing temporal mass:

I Horizon (electronic family) >II Horizon (muon family) >III Horizon (Tau family)

We belong to the lightest of those 3 families. But probably there are Universes belonging to the muon and Tau families, shown in the graph, where we see how the evolution of atoms increased the TxE force (mass=energy) of its 4 particles in 3 horizons:
Temporal quarks increased their mass in 3 ages of dual informative and energetic quark pairs: the lightest, informative, down and energetic, up quarks; the balanced, informative, charmed and energetic, strange quarks, and the heavier, informative, Top and energetic, bottom quarks.
The spatial particle, the electron, increased its mass in 3 ages: electrons, muons and Tau electrons.    

   The informative forces of the atom, condensed as neutrinos with ‘negative’ mass-energy, belonging to the Gravitational world with inverse S-T parameters, also evolved in 3 horizons:
 The electronic, muonic and Tau neutrino.
The energetic force, the light photon, increases also its energy/frequency in those 3 horizons…

Higgs and ‘God’s particle’.

In a recent article, scientific American targeted the main aim of modern pathological physics. It said, ‘2 out of 3 articles of pathological physics received at this magazine are concerned with Einstein’s work, trying to tumble the giant.’ Of course they never tumbled the giant, because the giant is on broad strokes right. You can improve on the giant as science always do, taking it a step further. And that is what the substitution of earlier models of masses bending space-time by super fluid models of curved vortex has done. An entire group of physicists under the name of quantum gravity, are now taking Einstein’s fundamental principles a step further, quantizing them to explain local phenomena like those black hole vortices, but respecting the essential features of Einstein’s work: his equations of Relativity, the space-time curvature, the so-called diffeomorphic principle that considers space-time to be local and hence implies a series of quantic discontinuities in the different space-times of the Universe… Among them, Lee Smolin, is the most vocal voice, termed the new Einstein by Time magazine, since he does what is proper to do: respect the master and take him a step further. That is not pathological physics, but evolution of knowledge, which always advances building on previous theories, correcting small errors or simplifications (in the case of Einstein the simplification of a space-time continuum, since all forms seen in detail turn out to be discontinuous as you turn out to be made of cells, but it is easier to calculate the entire continuity as it is easier to make a picture of yourself as a whole). So the modern approaches that are respectful to Einstein are merely studying him in detail. What  seldom happens in science is a new work that scraps totally the work of a previous master, as when the Earth was displaced to the outskirts of the solar system. And yet that is what most pathological physicists want to do today. It is not enough to put a patch on the master. What Mr. Higgs and others tried to do is to scrap it all and substitute relativity by quantum physics and that is pure vanity, arrogance and non-sense. We do not need a Higgs particle to explain mass. It is just a bizarre idea that belongs fully to the folly of modern physics with his infinite universes, black holes that give way to another Universe or evaporate according to Hawking’s, rocks falling from the sky to eliminate entire scores of species, etc.
Mr. Higgs particle is so bizarre that makes no sense, but it is a good excuse for every quantum physicist to get at Einstein, the guy who was making derogatory remarks on his methods for 50 years. Now, I appeal you in this web to your ‘critical thinking’ to figure out who is right, Einstein or the Higgs & Hawking. The Universe is dual and a mass is a vortex of space-time, not a particle while quantum physics deals with lineal, energetic exchanges of particles between atoms. We need both to make sense of the super-oganisms of the dual gravitational/electromagnetic Universe.