FROM MOLECULES TO CELLS.

 In the graph, the 4 basic molecules of life are composed of the 3 organic atoms, C, O, N and its slave hydrogens, CO2, H20, CH4, (Methane) and NH3 , (Ammonia). They also adopt the same efficient Non-AE morphologies that crystals have, with a central, informative atom surrounded by submissive, spatial Hydrogens that process and send to the center, flows of temporal energy.

6. The living cycles of Gaia and its 3 scales.
The main difference between the “organic” Earth and the inorganic magma is its location. The organic Earth inhabits the final layer of the solid magma in a transitional zone of interaction among gas, liquid and solid molecules. Yet both molecular systems undergo long geological cycles. The best known of those cycles is the cycle of the energetic molecule of life, H20, water, that goes through a gas state as a cloud, a liquid age as moving rain and a solid phase as ice or as the most perfect ‘top predator’ crystalline snow that lasts much longer than ice into the ground. So, the biggest liquid and solid systems of the Earth’s crust - the sea, the sand of the deserts and rocks of its mountains - are just organic, quantic systems with very slow existential cycles. Similar cycles occur with the organic masses of the other 2 main atoms of life, nitrogen, the informative atom of life and carbon, the E=T balanced ‘body’ of living systems. Thus the surface of planet Earth, Gaia, is a living, organic, membrane, a complex molecular system, made at macro-scale of multiple life ecosystems, composed at our human scale of living organisms, which are themselves made at quantic micro-scale of the crystalline molecules, of the previous graph. Those 3 scales structure the cycles of existence of life interacting among them as it happens in any other ‘Quantic Spaces-Times world’, from the mantle and its crystalline rocks just described to the Universe as a whole .

 7. The lowest molecular scale. Methane, Water and Ammonia, the bricks of life.
In the smallest scale the molecular ‘bricks of life’ shown in the graph are, as it happens in the geological world, crystalline structures; albeit unlike solid crystals, far more malleable and complex because they exist in liquid ecosystems. In those simple life molecules Carbon, Oxygen and Nitrogen are the Top predator central atoms that capture and surround themselves of Hydrogen weaker TxE atoms, which act as their relative energy and informative quanta, creating a bigger molecular territorial surface. Hydrogen atoms act either as their ‘senses’, processing electromagnetic energy into Van der Waal forces of information or as an energy element that the central atom expels or attracts in alternating cycles that displace the molecule through water. Thus those 3 molecules are Fractal Organisms, where the top predator N, O, C atoms are the singularity, while Hydrogens become the intermediate Non-AE body that processes the temporal energy of the water world for the central atoms of life and the external ‘electronic cloud’ of the crystal becomes the ‘energetic membrane’.
In the next scale of social organization those 3 elemental particles of life, N, C, and O will become themselves the 3 fundamental zones of bigger ‘Fractal Organisms’, called organic molecules:
- Max. T: The informative element of all life molecules and quantic part of its relative ‘Heads’ are Nitrogen atoms. Its informative character is shown already in the crystalline ammonia, where Nitrogen is the dominant vertex of a tetrahedron shaped with 3 more Hydrogens. Accordingly ammonia is a perfect atomic clock in which the Nitrogen vibrates constantly back and forth through the hole shaped by its 3 hydrogen ‘eyes’, with an informative cycle of +1016 times a second. The first atomic clocks were in fact based in that simple molecule due to the accuracy and speed of times of its vibration, which in life molecules allows nitrogen to ‘inform itself’ and translate ‘moving orders’ to the ‘carbon’ body of the molecule.
- E=T: The structural atom that creates the rigid body structures of life molecules is the carbon atom. It has the maximum number of valences; 4 orbitals that create dual bondages with 2 other carbons, constructing long, formal ternary chains of great structural rigidity. As such it is the most visible, intermediate form of all life compounds. And so biologists, due to its ‘visibility’, have traditionally considered it the ‘fundamental element of life’. When we ad Hydrogen atoms to complete its ‘crystalline’ body we obtain methane the simplest molecule of life. Then when we join 2 carbons with dual bondage we form ethane, which already acts as a hormone, inhibiting the structural growth of plants .
- Max. E: Finally, the energy of life systems is water which fills up the ‘external world’ in which life feeds and becomes in more complex living organisms called cells, the filling energy of the intermediate space, enclosed between its carbon-based protein & fat walls and the inner, informative nitrogen-rich, ADN singularity. Water is the simplest, most abundant ternary molecule of the Universe, made with 2 slave hydrogens and 1 dominant oxygen, which is the atom that has the maximum ‘electro-negativity’ of the atomic table, after the fluorine (fig.8.4). Thus, it can capture the electronic body of any other atom. That is why the oxygen components of carbohydrates enact its energetic cycles, moving those organic molecules within the water ecosystem. Since they stomp on water, breaking it creating expansive and implosive 0H-, H± ions that impulse the molecule; as you walk on the floor, ‘stomping’ on the electromagnetic fields of the ground or a fish moves hitting the water with its tail.
So nitrogen Heads, carbon bodies and oxygen energy create the simplest life beings, amino acids…

8. The 3x3±1 horizons of creation of life.
The 3 simple atoms and molecules of life recombined its energetic, reproductive and information functions and grew, forming bigger chains thanks to its enormous affinity, acquiring growing ‘organic properties’. The simplest combination of them, the CNO molecule, urea, is considered the first molecule of life and its ‘crystallization’ in a lab, departing from non-living atoms, was considered the birth of biochemistry and the prove that life is an atomic system that shares the same properties of any other S-T system of the Universe.
Thus, if we apply the law of the 3±S1 D=evolutions to organic molecules we can explain how they grew in informative complexity and spatial size till acquiring the form of living organisms, in a process similar to the evolution of particles that created the cosmological bodies of the Universe.
Those 3±1 evolutionary ages of life, each one sub-divided in 3±1 sub-horizons, are: the young age of molecules, the mature, longest age of cells and the ‘recent’ age of living organisms, which will end with the creation of a global single organism, Planet Earth (+1):

The 3±1 ages of molecules.
- 1: The atomic age: the simplest chemical molecules of life are formed.
- Max. E: The energy age, dominated by lineal, long, simple fats, huge carbon chains with oxygens attached to its ends.
- <=>: The amino acid age: COOH, methane and ammonia, the 3 simplest life molecules of the triad of life atoms, O, C, N, combine as the relative energy, reproductive and informative organs of amino acids. Amino acids reproduce exponentially in the primordial organic water soup and evolve socially into proteins.
- Max. T: The nucleotide age. Nucleotides, the informative molecules of the life, ad an informative dimension of height to lineal amino acids, forming nitrogen and sugar rings. They dominate all other carbohydrates. Soon they will also evolve socially into huge chains called nucleic acids.
- +1: Social age. Nucleic acids, the macromolecules of life with max. TE force, integrate socially all other carbohydrates in herds of organic molecules, creating the cell, the following i-scale of life.

The age of cells.
- 1:  The previous 3±S1 horizons of evolution of molecules brought the first cells.
- Max. E: The age of RNA Protista. The energy age of the cell is dominated by the simplest RNA Protista, whose ternary Non-AE structure is based in: an external protein membrane; a series of ‘convex’ spiralled RNAs, the singularities that directs the cell, and an internal, intermediate water zone, the cytoplasm, where the cell reproduces its specific energy and information thanks to the free ‘energy’ of water radicals with the instructions given by those RNAs. Those protista reproduce massively, exhausting the organic elements of the life soup. Then it comes:
- <=>: The Age of DNA Protista. It is the balanced, mature age of protista. Dual RNAs peg together to form informative DNA rings, which store new genetic information that permits further growth and differentiation of Protistas, according to new, improved 3 Non-AE regions: energy membranes invaginate the cell with a tubular network, the Golgi apparatus and protect the still DNA with a differentiated nucleus membrane; while new, specialized organelles perform the energy and information processes of the intermediate zone, creating Mitochondria and Chloroplasts.
- Max. T: Informative age and differentiation: The Eucaryiotic age. Informative DNA cells multiply its genetic memories, while RNAs differentiate into a triad of forms that increase in the intermediate space-time the reproduction of membranes and proteins, creating giant cells. They cannibalise and enslave smaller, symbiotic cells, specialized in the dual arrow of energy, (mitochondria and chloroplasts) and information (ribosomes). Those who absorb chloroplasts become algae; those who feed on mitochondria become animals.
- +1: The biggest eucaryote animals are amoeboid cells that evolve faster informative, electronic languages using heavier metal ions, K* and Na-, to send their messages to other cells through their membranes. The nervous language allows simultaneous cellular actions, creating mobile multicellular organisms called animals. While slower chemical languages, that use ‘hormonal vowels’ put together unicellular algae into plants. Let us consider the evolution of animals:

The ±1=3 horizons of evolution of animals: network’s organisms.
- -1: Conception. Electric cells create multicellular organisms in control of all other cells gathering in 3 physiological networks, neuronal, muscular and glandular=digestive systems that perform the informative, reproductive and energetic cycles of the organism as a macro-living Fractal Organism. The sequential dominance of those physiological networks creates the 3 ages of life, the energetic youth, reproductive maturity and informative old age, and also the 3 horizons of evolution or ‘main phyla’ of multicellular animals.
- Max. E: The energy system, a central digestive tube, dominates the 1st horizon of multicellular organisms, occupying the central zone in 3 sub horizons of formal evolution: the age of sponges, the age of hydras and the age of worms, the first bilateral animals created around a tubular, lineal digestive system that moves in the dimension of length.
- <=>: Worms develop blood networks based in metallic carbohydrates that carry to each cell of the body its oxygen energy, food quanta and the dual hormonal orders of the brain: reproductive orders and ‘killing orders’ performed by amoeboid leukocytes. Thus, as blood networks increase the efficient control of quantic cells, animals grow in size, starting an age of massive sea life diversification. Today we still have 90% of the genes of those worms.
- Max. T: Life jumps a fundamental discontinuum when the first molluscs become insects and the first fishes become amphibians, colonizing the Earth. Their sensorial and nervous systems become overdeveloped in the new environment that has a higher transparency to informative light. Land animals specialize their 3 networks to the new medium in 3 sub-ages: the age of amphibians, which still reproduce in water, the age of reptiles and the age of birds and mammals, dominant in visual and nervous systems that ends with the arrival of Homo Sapiens.
- +1: Homo sapiens develops a new informative language, the word, evolving into historic super-organisms, civilizations and economic ecosystems that grow in size till reaching a global dimension.

9. The energy age. Simple molecules and fats.
The first age in the evolution of life is the age of simple molecules. Water became an organic soup filled with ammonia and simple chains of carbon, among which we highlight:
- Max.E: Acids and fats. They are Headless, without nitrogen Heads; a long, lineal body of energetic carbons with oxygen legs on its extremes. They will become the fundamental energy of cells.
- Max.T: Sugars add an informative, cyclical dimensions to Headless fats. They are carbohydrate hexagons evolved socially in long chains, called polysaccharides, through oxygen connections.

10. Amino acids: Their spatial regions; temporal functions and social evolution into proteins.

The glycine is the simplest, active life form with 3 Non-AE zones:
- Max. T: The nitrogen Head directs the glycine.
- E=T: A dual carbon creates the first rigid ‘membrane-body’ of life with its strong, covalent bondage, joining the Head and tail:
- Max. E: Its oxygen COOH tail ‘walks’ on the water, breaking, attracting and repelling its OH-, H+ radicals.
Amino acids show their existential will, catalyzing through their movements the replication of new amino acids and forming social chains, called proteins.

The 3 life molecules, ammonia, methane and water, create the spatial structure of the glycine, the simplest amino acid which resembles an animal, with the positive charged nitrogen Head (amine), the negative charged Oxygen tail (carboxyl), and a carbon body chain that fusions together the 2 extremes, creating the Quantic Spaces-Times field equation of amino acids:

Oxygen legs(E) <Carbon body (ET)> (T) Nitrogen Head.

Fractal Organisms adapt their morphology to the dimensions and directional movement of their specific environment . Thus, while a still cell is cyclical, moving life molecules are lineal forms in which the nitrogen ‘Head’ is upfront to absorb temporal energy in the direction of movement, the structural carbon membrane is in the center; and the energy cycles are performed by the oxygen tail that moves on the water:
 - Max. T: Informative cycles are directed by its ammonia ‘clock’. The Nitrogen vibrates across its Hydrogen triangle, perceiving and transferring electromagnetic information elaborated as Van der Wall forces to its carbon body that orientates the molecule in a chosen direction.
- E=T: Reproductive and social cycles: The rigid carbon chain can peg to its sides by affinity (3rd postulate ) other carbon structures that latter might split, reproducing new glycines or might stick together, shaping new species of amino acids.
-Max.E: Energy Cycles: The oxygen moves the molecule, propelled by the dual polarity of water.
- Social cycles: Their social evolution gives birth to macro-molecular proteins.
- Existential cycles: The purpose of those molecules is to exist, performing their organic cycles.
Thus, after the birth of the first amino acids the Earth probably witnessed a massive replication of glycines, which soon diversified in all kind of sub-species that joined to the original glycine new pieces of carbohydrates bodies, nitrogen eyes and oxygen legs. Thus the organic soup became an ecosystem of top predator amino acids that catalyzed the reproduction of new amino acids, absorbing the simpler molecular ‘nutrients’, till amino acids saturated the Earth’s oceans. Then those different amino acids associated in complementary Non-AE herds, in which specialization occurred again, as some amino acids were designed better to gather energy, with extra oxygen legs; some had extra nitrogen Heads to process information and some were long carbon chains better suited to split, peg and reproduce new amino acid pieces. Thus we can easily classify amino acids as informative amino acids, with ring structures filled with Nitrogens; energetic amino acids, with added Oxygens, Phosphors and sulfurs, atoms with high ‘electro negativity’ that are able to capture energetic electrons; and reproductive amino acids with long carbon chains.

11. The social evolution of amino acids: the protein age.

The inverse properties of T-amino Heads and E-oxygen tails make possible the creation of long chains of amino acids in which their nitrogen Heads bite their oxygen tails becoming neutralized as part of a complex social structure: the protein.

 

Amino acids in their social stage of evolution became, according to the inverse morphological laws of transcendental evolution, the ‘relative energy’ of new macro-molecular proteins. So they lost its ‘active’ Heads and tails, pegged now to each other, as the ‘fixed’ neutralized Quantic Spaces-Times units of the protein’s spiral structure; where the active parts are the radicals joined to the central carbon of the amino acid. Those bulky, seemingly unnecessary radicals that hindered the movements of free amino acids now show its true value in proteins; as often happens in evolution, which requires first mutational, inefficient stages only possible thanks to fast, planned evolution. Since chaotic, slow Darwinian mutations cannot survive long enough to transcend into useful new organs, as Darwin already noticed it, studying the wing evolution, those transitional stages are a strong prove of Quantic Spaces-Times evolution.
Proteins are huge carbon chains that fusion the quantic actions of those radicals with many oxygen legs and a few nitrogen eyes into a simultaneous present of max. TxE force. They are like centipedes, with simple perception but a fearsome energy that allows proteins to cut and kill all the micro-molecules of the life ecosystem. So they became the new top predators of the original carbon soup, probably chasing down free amino acids to replicate themselves. Finally, lineal proteins evolved further, according to the inverse laws of transcendental, social evolution, forming self-replicant hollow membranes with cyclical, still forms , which nucleic acids will latter fill and dominate, creating cells. Indeed, the protein’s simple minds made their top predator status short living when the 3rd informative horizon of molecular life, the nucleotide, evolved.

12. The informative age: Nitrogen bases and Nucleotide acid.

The nucleotide improves upon the amino Head, carbohydrate body and oxygen legs of the amino acid, adding to those 3 lineal forms a dimension of informative height; as latter will occur in macro-organisms when flat worms become cylindrical ..30). So the amino acid Head becomes a dual nitrogen ring, the body becomes a sugar and the tail multiplies its oxygens around a highly electronegative Phosphoric acid. The outcome is a nucleotide acid, the top predator life molecule, which evolves into the next i-scale of life, the cell.

 

In the graph, the final, informative age of life molecules occurred when the amino acid evolved its lineal, simple 3 Non-AE regions adding a new, informative dimension creating the 3 globular zones of the nucleotide:
- Max. E=T: The improved body is called a sugar that has, instead of the carbohydrate’s zigzag line proper of amino acid bodies, a pentagonal form, a powerful compact body cycle that appears in all scalar morphologies. Further on, the sugar pentagon ads a lateral oxygen’s rudder that can chain or unchain itself to other sugar rings through easy to break oxygen bridges. So the reproductive speed of the new nucleotide’s body based in the capacity to peg and split its body increases.
- Max. E: A nucleotide tail adds up a highly energetic, phosphoric acid (PO4H3) that has more oxygens than the amino acid’s original COOH tail and so it swims better in water. The heavier phosphor is also a nitrogen-friendly atom, from the same 3-5 valence electronic column. So the Head improves its control of the tail and its energetic oxygen atoms.
- Max. T: Finally the Nucleotides’ Heads ad up new nitrogens, creating cyclical, hexagonal rings, called Pyrimidines, which once more diversify in 3 subspecies: Thymine, Uracil or Cytosine...
- Uracil is lighter. So it is the brick for building highly mobile social nucleotides called RNAs.
- Thymine is heavier, since it has one more carbon, while Cytosine ads a Nitrogen with 2 Hydrogen ‘antennae’. So they are the bricks of DNA, the most informative, still molecule of life.
Finally the most complex nucleotide Heads are Purines: dual, pentagonal and hexagonal nitrogen rings, joined by a strong covalent C=C wall that form dual couples called Adenine and Guanine, which ad an external nitrogen antenna with 2 Hydrogen eyes probing the unknown world (fig.9.12).
So the globular structure of Nucleotides also creates more evolved social forms, the ARN and DNA acids that will control protein membranes in the cellular scale.
If their structural bodies dominate amino acids and proteins, the dominant element in Nucleotides are their nitrogen Heads. They will become the unit of the social, informative languages of cells, playing the key role in all their informative tasks, as the main elements of many hormones and the quantic units of macro-molecular DNAs, which create the higher, cellular scale of life forms.

The age of nucleotides: ternary differentiation of species.
So after the age of Amino acids and proteins, there was an age of Nucleotides, which differentiated again according to duality in 2 subspecies: One rich in energy, the other richer in information:
- Max. E: The energetic Nucleotides are ATPs, the key molecules in all energetic life processes. Breathing and feeding could not happen without ATP, the specialized energy Nucleotide that again subdivides in 3 subspecies, which can be identified as the energetic, balanced and informative ATP:
        - Max. E: ATP proper, an Adenine nucleotide with a longer tail with 3 Phosphors and 10 oxygens ordered in a classic decametric, 3x3±1 scale: each phosphor controls 3 oxygens, and the 10th oxygen connects them to the sugar body.
         - E=T: ADP, which has lost 1 phosphor and 4 oxygens (an HPO3 molecule) releasing in the process 34 KJ of energy, balancing its form with less energy but the same Nitrogen information.
           -Max.T: AMP, which has lost another HPO3, becoming a cyclical molecule, since the phosphoric tail touches its nitrogen Head. So it acts in cellular processes as an informative carrier, transferring hormonal information, amplifying it and programming the cells’ nucleus with that information.
- Max. T: The informative, social evolution of nucleotide acids gives birth to RNA and DNA.
Nucleotides evolve socially, becoming according to the laws of transcendental inversion, ‘energy cells’ of RNA and DNA spirals, grouped again in triads that form a spiral cycle. Those triplets surrounded by energetic ATPs, create genetic scales in groups of 3, 9, 27… 3n elements, shaping the structure of 2 new macro-molecular informative species, differentiated along the S-T duality:
  - Max. E: Lineal, moving RNAs that carry the actions of the cells, again differentiated in:
             - Max. E: Ribosomal RNA joined to energetic proteins that peg the carbohydrate’s pieces.
             - E=T: Transference RNA that carries the quantic units that reproduce carbohydrates.
              - Max. T: Messenger RNA that copies DNA information and takes it to the Ribosome.
 - Max. T: Cyclical, still, informative DNA, made with 2 complementary RNAs, which carries so much informative, genetic information about the metabolic and reproductive cycles of all other carbohydrates that will become the ‘brain’ of the new scale of life, the cell… The nucleotide structure of DNA shows the magic ‘tetrarkys’ that fascinated Pythagoras: 1, 2, 3, 4 dimensions that ad up the decametric scale… Indeed, 1 DNA made with 2 RNA chains joined by nucleotide pairs that a structural tie of DNA; 3 nucleotides that form the basic informative 'gene' to create amino acids; and 4 dimensional bases, needed to create all the cycles and elements of the cellular game.

13. The social evolution of macromolecules into the cell.
 
The cell has a clear Non-AE 3-zonal structure:
- Max. E: It has an external, thin membrane, which in free cells have cilia that move the cell and act-react to external stimuli. In organic cells energy is provided by the blood system of the macro-organism. So external cilia disappear and invaginate as lysosomes that kill carbohydrates.
- Max. T: In the center, there is a nucleus of max. informative density, filled with cyclical or spiral DNA/RNA’s networks that control the Fractal Organism.
– ExT: RNAs dominate the intermediate space-time, directing the energy organelles, mitochondria or chloroplasts that produce energy; and the informative ribosomes that reproduce products, pegged to the Golgi apparatus, a membrane’s invagination.

 

 

 

+1: Thus, the macromolecules of the 3 previous horizons, guided by the genetic, informative language of nucleotides, transcend socially into the cell; a Fractal Organism, in which they will play the same specialized roles they played in the macro-molecular age creating the 3 Non-AE specialized zones of a bigger plane of existence:
- Max. E: The external membrane, inner invaginations and cilia are the energetic borders of the cell controlled by lineal proteins, intertwined with long, energetic chains of fats and sugars called polysaccharides, hyper-abundant in oxygen. Proteins become 3-dimensionally warped as units of the spherical membrane with globular, inverse morphologies due to the law of transcendental evolution that transforms the morphology of an S-T form in its inverse form, when it transcends into a higher scale . Among those inner invaginations we highlight the lysosomes, smaller protein jails that store the excess of energetic fats and sugars, kill carbohydrates or eject them outside the membrane.
E=T: The intermediate region reproduces the cells’ energy and information: energetic chloroplasts and mitochondria provide electronic energy needed to perform the moving cycles of the cell; while informative ribosomes create the materials needed to maintain the membrane and the nucleus.  
- Max. T: The inner nucleus is the informative center of the cell, filled with cyclical, informative DNA macromolecules and 3 lineal sub-species of RNA, which perform together the orders of the still, DNA brain, creating a simultaneous herd of Max. T x Max. E force that rule all other symbiotic elements of the cell. RNAs control proteins, which act thanks to its energetic strength as the body element of all cells, shaping their hard membranes, killing other carbohydrates and transporting RNAs’ hormonal sentences throughout the organism.
To reinforce their control of those proteins the first RNAs herds might have killed all those amino acids and proteins they did not need. So today there are only 20 surviving amino acids, all oriented towards the left side. Why? According to the multifunctional principle we can consider 3 reasons:
- 20 amino acids form the magic number of 2x10 couples, which allows an efficient division of energetic, informative and reproductive tasks, without redundancy.
- A single orientation in space-time allows all those amino acids to act simultaneously together, multiplying its TxE power as a herd, without anyone ‘giving the back’ to the group.
- Since the most efficient reproductive system is the specular, sexual method, in which 2 complementary inverse morphologies gather together, a carbohydrate chain could replicate, as DNA does, by specular affinity, attaching parallel forms to its body structure, creating its specular image twice. So if an L amino acid replicates a D amino acid (a macho replicates a female so to speak), and then the D amino acid replicates an L amino acid it becomes a self-reproducing amino acid, free from RNA control. By avoiding the reproduction of D amino acids, nucleic acids control the creation of ‘castrated’ amino acids and proteins. So Nucleic acids probably extinguished D-amino acids to control better the castrated proteins of their cellular farm. Humans also castrate tamed animals; yet amazingly enough they are researching self-reproductive nano-robotic bacteria that might extinguish us, forgetting that reproductive control is a basic tool of any biological top predator .