II. THE 2 ARROWS OF THE UNIVERSE:
INFORMATIVE ORDER AND SPATIAL ENTROPY
All energy-information cycles can be described as action-reaction systems that have 2 directional arrows, which close the cycle, returning the form or event to its origin. Yet in a Cartesian graph those dual cycles become unified into a single, infinite, lineal dimension of time, a numeric interval plotted into the X coordinate and measured with a mechanical clock. So the Earth’s rotating cycle becomes a lineal number, a 24 hours clock period; while its orbit around the sun becomes also a clock period: a year. And so on. Yet each clock is a discontinuous, quantic cycle. The orbital Space-Time cycle of the Moon, of the Sun, of the Earth, of a cesium wave, of a living being (a circadian cycle) have all a different morphology and content of space and time, because they reflect the cyclical, action -reaction dual arrow that changes each different being.
1 The principle of cyclical inertia.
If the world is made of actions, then it is cyclical because according to Newton, all action provokes a reaction of the same intensity and opposed direction, creating thus a cycle or field of space-time. So movements are not lineal but cyclical, dual. Indeed, in the XX century, the real study of cosmological, macrocosmic space and the inner space of atoms, showed that everything moved in curves, in cycles, as clocks of time do. But aside from its partial application to Physics by Einstein that described space/time in curved terms, scientists kept using in their mathematical analysis the lineal Cartesian plane, origin of the linear principle of inertia. We have to ad however a cyclical, inertial principle for atoms, galaxies and all temporal beings. In fact, cycles are represented with other type of numbers called complex numbers, which appear for that reason constantly in Einstein’s equations, in quantum mechanics and the mathematic models of this book.
The cyclical, eternal movement of sub-atomic particles, spins, galaxies and planets is natural to the Universe. Thus, we consider that the law of conservation of energy and its spatial expression, the principle of Linear Inertia, are partial cases of the Law of Cyclical Inertia. Or in geometrical terms, as Cusa and Kepler already noticed, and Non-EA Geometries proved, we say that a line is a section of a long curve; and a continuous action , a part of a discontinuous action -reaction cycle. Yet scientists disregard cyclical inertia, because they use a lineal, Cartesian plane in their mathematical representation of reality that tends to introduce errors of linearity in their analysis.
Thus, the next big difference between classic, lineal, continuous ‘Energy Physics’ and ‘Modern, Quantic Space-Time Physics’ is the principle of cyclical inertia.
2. Space-Time fields are cyclical, subject to external translation and morphological change.
We often forget that space-time is part of every process, not only a physical event. We live and die in space and time. Species evolve in space and time. Societies are subject to economical and historic, temporal rhythms that change their spatial form. Everything changes in space and time. Change is indeed the word we use to define a space-time field beyond the physical realm. Thus we consider 2 main types of space-time changes according to Aristotle: morphological change, studied by Biology and Theory of Evolution, which is mainly organic, inner change; and translation or external change, studied by classic Physics, which is concerned with change in position.
Galileo defined translation, the external change of Space-Time fields, with the equation of speed, V=S/T, a machine to measure it, a clock and a bidimensional plane to plot that speed. Today it is the main property of space-time we study. So quantic beings made of 4 dimensional temporal energy in perpetual, morphological, cyclical change are reduced to bidimensional planes and numbers, ‘points without parts’ that only change their physical, external movement.
In that process scientists deform 5 basic qualities of all space-time beings: their multiplicity; their dimensions_of_space_and_time fields.html">4-dimensionality; their inner morphological change ; their cyclical trajectories, which imply 2 arrows of movement, back and forwards towards positive and negative directions; and their quantic nature, since all cycles which close into themselves, break reality into at least 2 discontinuous, quantic regions: the inner and outer zone of the cycle.
Those properties are so important to understand space-time that are in fact present at the clocks scientists use to measure the external change or ‘speed’ of any space-time field. Indeed, clocks, imitate the properties of a cyclical space-time field and so they are quantic, cyclical objects with 2 arrows in perpetual change, as any space-time field is. Because of that similarity between cyclical clocks and quantic space-time fields, scientists measure and compare with clocks the infinite cyclical changes of any quantic, fixed species of space-time. Each of those changes has a rhythm that scientists translate to the rhythms of their clock. Yet, scientists latter fit those space-time fields into a bidimensional, Cartesian mathematical graph whose X and Y coordinates ‘extend’ time and space towards the infinite, transforming their 2 cyclical, geometric arrows into a lineal, single space-time continuous form, with a single arrow of energy and movement, the so-called arrow of entropy. Thus those quantic, dual, cyclical fields of space-time become a single, lineal field. It is the main blunder of history of science that lingers today in all disciplines and hence it is the first of our 5 errors we have to correct to be able to fully grasp what those quantic space-time fields are.
3. The 2 arrows/organs of quantic space-time: energetic entropy ‘bodies’ and informative ‘brains’.
The geometrical description of those 2 directional arrows of the Universe, backwards and forwards, completes a visual cycle, which returns to its origin. Yet the conceptual meaning of a dual action -reaction cycle, in which the reaction ‘undoes’ what the action did previously, is far more revealing: a cycle implies that a certain parameter that grew in the active part of the cycle becomes destroyed in its reactive event. If we grow in energy in the first part of the cycle, we consume that energy in the second part, and hence we complete a feeding-digestive cycle. If we ‘live’ in the first part of an existential cycle we ‘die’ in the second part and return to the space-time dust from where we came. So we can see a geometric cycle of space-time as a representation in 2 dimensions of those 2 arrows that move forwards and backwards any being, till returning to its origin, from conception to death.
Yet the Universe is 4-dimensional and a cycle is a bidimensional form. So in 4 dimensions that dual back and forth arrow shows through an expansive and implosive rhythm. For example, the big bang describes the energetic, explosive arrow of a process that will end with the opposite arrow of implosive order and in-formation, or big-crunch. Then the Universe will explode again.
The form of the cycle has changed, since now we observe a space-time field fluctuating in 4 dimensions, but the opposite arrows of the cycle, that we shall call from here on the arrow of ‘growing, spatial energy’, the arrow of ‘growing temporal, informative order’, and the fluctuation between both that complete a space-time action -reaction cycle, remain the same. So we can translate spatial, static, geometrical figures into dual, dynamic arrows, which are the ‘organic’ essence of those geometric, morphological changes:
- A positive, creative direction of informative time that warps, orders and informs a certain quantic region of the Universe, causing the accumulation of informative forces and linguistic, genetic memories that originate the organic evolution of life as time passes. So masses order space fields of forces into cyclical particles of information, brains order organisms, black holes order galaxies and DNA orders cells as time passes.
- And a negative direction of energetic space, organic disintegration and explosion of information into energy, that expands space, which becomes the destructive arrow of death, of entropy, of big-bang processes, studied by physical sciences. So masses explode into A-Bombs, black holes into quasars; cells and organisms die and erase their physiological order, while societies tumble their governments or destroy themselves in wars.
- Which together, enacted in each space-time field by energetic organs or ‘relative bodies’ and informative organs or ‘relative Heads’, create the ‘fluctuations’ we call ‘life or existence’.
The 2 opposite arrows of a space-time cycle mean that all processes that take place in each quantic piece of space and time are processes with 2 ‘ages’, one of energetic entropy and one of informative order that put together complete the 2 phases of any cyclical process that cancel each other. All quantic pieces of reality can either emit energy moving in lineal trajectories, or create order, informing, perceiving, organizing reality. All organisms exist in time through those 2 arrows, one of temporal information, and one of energetic entropy.
They were discovered and studied first in depth by Boltzmann, the founder of Thermodynamics, which already acknowledged both arrows. Yet the 2 arrows of time were unfortunately discharged when Einstein consecrated the idea of a single universal space-time and big-bang theory discovered that the Universe was in its energetic, expanding entropic arrow. Thus if space-time was a lineal, single continuum every form of the Universe had to be on the entropic, energetic arrow. So Physicists tend to work with a single ‘energetic’ arrow, the arrow of disorder, of entropy. Yet the arrow of order, of information is at the core of all other disciplines of knowledge from Biology to Philosophy where we find the 2 arrows of life and evolution (creation of in-form-ation) Vs death and devolution (extinction and destruction of form, released into energy.)
The error of a single arrow proper of Astrophysics occurs because the Universe is so huge that its dual arrows of life and death last far longer than those of any human being. So now we exist within a Universe dominated by the direction of negative entropy and disorder because we are closer to the explosive big-bang. For that reason Physicists use only the arrow of energy, since they consider the Universal space-time the only one. But in the future, surely the arrow of information will create the big-crunch and informative warping of the Universe. Further on, in a quantic Universe there are many quantic space-times, and each one is in a different arrow, regardless of the big-bang entropic phase of the total Universe. For example, we exist in a quantic part of that Universe, called a galaxy, which right now is warping into a form with more information under the mass effects of a central black hole. Hence it is in the informative arrow unlike the entire Universe.
Thus the fundamental analysis of any space-time field/cycle of reality consists on studying first the dual energetic and informative parts of the field as we perceive it in space; and the consider how those 2 organs create alternating cycles of existence in time, ordering and disordering reality through the 2 arrows of entropy and complexity, putting finally the spatial, static and temporal, dynamic analyses together into an organic vision of the being. We call that methodology of knowledge that guides this book, the ternary principle. Let us then make a generic analysis of the 2 energy and information organs of any Quantic Spaces-Times in space and the 2 homologous cyclical arrows or events they cause in time, that we will latter apply to all the main Quantic Spaces-Times beings of the Universe.