THE 3 AGES AND CYCLES OF SPACE AND TIME

All systems are a sum of quantic cycles that absorb, emit and transform spatial energy into temporal information: nE<=>mT. That equation, decomposed sequentially in 3 phases, a first age of max. energy, a second age of balance and a third age of max. information, explains the existential cycle of any space-time field. In a graph with energy and information coordinates those 3 ages resemble the geometrical form of a cycle that moves upwards, absorbing energy and information till in its 3rd age looses its temporal energy, collapsing back to its origin. On the right side, the same 3 ages show in the Taoist, Korean flag, where a line is the symbol of continuous yang-energy, which yin-time quantizes into ‘in-form-ation’, from youth to death.

1. The 3 ages of existence.
The fundamental consequence of the dual, quantic arrows of the Universe is the dual process of life and death that affects all space-time beings.
After conception as an informative seed, (+1) all beings go from an age of maximum energy (youth) into an age of increased information (old age). Yet, when all the energy is trans-formed into information, the species collapses and information dies (-1), exploding back into cellular energy. So we talk of an existential cycle between conception (+1) and death (-1) with 3 ages.
The cycle of existence from youth-energy into a 3rd age of information, and back again dissolving yourself into the Universe, is natural to all beings made of spatial energy and time since energy always trans-forms itself into information back and forth. Look at humans. Young people have a lot of energy but little information. Mature people have both energy and information. While old people have a lot of information drawn into their wrinkles and minds, but little energy. So as time goes by, human beings go through 3 ages, called youth, the age of energy; maturity, the age of reproduction; and old age, the age of form and wrinkles, of information and memories.
The 2 arrows of space-time existence are in Philosophy the arrows of life and death; evolution and devolution; creation of form, of in-form-ation and extinction, release of form into energy.
Taoist philosophers represented the "life and death cycle" with the yin-yang cycle that moves forwards, turns around and then returns backwards till closing the cycle. Buddhists represented it with Mandalas that they erased periodically to express the metaphor of life and death.
The cyclical, quantic nature of space-time implies a reality with 2 opposed temporal directions.
A bidimensional cycle is a representation of those 2 space-time arrows that move back and forth. 
Yet the 4 dimensional geometry of the Universe is also cyclical, as it seems to fluctuate between the "explosive big-bang" and the "implosive big-crunch". Since all is quantic, all has a limit in space-time, including the Universe. So when the space-time of the Universe comes to an end it will fall back into the big crunch. So in the field equations of Einstein time curves and gives information to space, creating masses but then the information of those masses explodes into spatial energy according to Einstein’s second fundamental equation, E=Mc2, and then the mass dies. Einstein studied that dual process for the entire Universe, which is a flat surface of vacuum energy that masses and black holes curve in the dimension of height. While Theory of Evolution studies the process in life, which also started as a ‘flat’ surface of cellular energy without form, that evolutionary information warped, raising it to the height of man. Then, when the quantic space-time cycle of a human being comes to an end, we become warped and wrinkle and die, exploding back into cellular energy much faster than the Universe, since we have far less ‘content of time’.
Since those are similar processes in all quantic space-time species we talk of 3 ‘ages’ in any space-time field between conception and death, a first age of pure energy, the big-bang youth of growth and expansion; a second age of balance that happens between the spatial energy and temporal information of the being or ‘steady state’, and a third age of warping and collapse that ends in death, when all forms dissolve back into the energy that informative time had evolved. More over, those 3 age are mathematically equivalent to the 3 solutions of Einstein’s general equations of space-time, which have been wrongly taken as 3 different Universes, when merely represent the same Universe through its 3 ages . After all Einstein also talks on how ‘time curves space’. Yet Einstein only applied those solutions to the entire Universal space-time while quantic space-time widens its application, accepting that each quantic piece of reality obeys those 3 solutions, passing through the 3 ages of space-time. Quantic space-time means that we can study those 2 arrows through its E, ExT, T, ternary ages, not only for the absolute Universe as Einstein did, but also for each of its pieces and species, which have shorter lives: All of them show in their existence both arrows, as they expand in their youth, their energy age; combine energy and information in its mature, classic age, often reproducing its quantic nature in other zone of reality to achieve a certain degree of immortality; and finally they warp in their old, informative ages. For example, I am a quantic space-time field called Luis Sancho, warping, passed my youth, into my old age of growing information...
We are all limited pieces of space that live a quantic time and then disappear back into the dust of space-time that made us. On the other hand, cyclical space-time implies that while all forms of reality disappear, the logic game of space/time is eternal, because while some beings evolve others devolve, while some live others die and therefore both directions of time balance into an eternity of quantic cycles. So Lao-Tse said: ‘The game of yin-yang is eternal, its forms are not’.

2. The space-time field quantic equation.
To represent those 2 arrows of space-time fields we formalize space-time fields through the Equation of Quantic Space/Time (Q.S.T.) that defines any space-time field as a series of quantic, cyclical structures that transform constantly energy into information and vice versa through a series of basic phases or ages that conform the life and death of the field:

E=>T (arrow of informative Life)+ T<E, (arrow of energetic death):   nE<=>mTi

The 1st arrow of ‘informative life’ is in fact the sum of 3 partial phases of a space-time cycle:
- E; or energetic youth, when the being has more energy than information.
- E=T; or state of dynamic balance reached as energy becomes transformed into information.
- >T; or informative, old age, when most energy has become wrinkled into information.
- Followed by the inverse arrow of death, T<E, or explosion of information into energy, when the 2 elements of the organism, its energetic and temporal field, split, breaking its organic balance:
             - The Lorenz transformations show how that E=T balance break in physical particles.
             - While in life the mind of an old man becomes childish and the body keeps wrinkling till it completes his cycle. So the disconnection between body and brain provokes his death.
Both arrows together create an action-re action event, a life-death, a space-time cycle: Es<=>Ti.
Physics reduces the 3 phases of that ternary equation to one, Ti<Es, the arrow of disorder, lineal energy, entropy and death, which now we widen to include the 2nd arrow of reality, the arrow of order, information and temporal evolution, relating both arrows into a single, unified space-time field. And we affirm that:

'All what exists is a system that transforms back and forth, quantic pieces of spatial energy into temporal information, shaping space-time cycles’.

So the Quantic Spaces-Times equation defines in mathematical terms any event and form of quantic space-times, and widens the arrow and law of Energy Conservation, the main Law of Science, to include the arrow and principle of Conservation of Temporal Information. The Quantic Spaces-Times equation is to quantic space/time what Einstein’s field equation is to continuous, space-time.

3. The 3 ages of existence of human beings, matter, stars and Universes.
With those formal equations we can describe the existence of a space-time organism, as a development of the Quantic Spaces-Times equation, E<=>T, in 3 sequential phases/ages /horizons, E, <=> and T:
+1: The cycle or organism starts its existence when its space-time field is created.
SE: It is the first horizon or ‘energy, youth age’ of the cycle, in which energy dominates the system and so we write this phase as, max. E x min. T.
<=>: E=T. It is the balanced age of the cycle or classic age of ‘life’, when energy and information are in a constant proportion. It is the most efficient age, when the cycle reproduces.
ST: Max. T x min. E: it is the 3rd age of the cycle when information has combed and exhausted the space-time field that warps into itself.
- 1: It is the end or death of the cycle that reverses its form and becomes energy again.
Those phases of a space-time cycle are the engines of ‘existence’, which is an infinite sum of space/time fields, fluctuating between birth and extinction through those 3 phases or ages.
Yet its applications are far wider, as the horizons, ages or phases of a space-time field go beyond the realm of quantic physics into State Physics, where gas is the energy state, liquid the balanced state and solid the informative state; into Cosmology, where it describes the Universe as a space-time system that fluctuates between both limits, a form of pure time, the singularity (min.E x max.Ti) and a form of pure space, the big- bang (max.Se x min. Ti); into Biology, where it describes the 3 ages of living beings or the 3 horizons of evolution of species and into Social Sciences,  where it applies to the organic description of the life and death of civilizations and its artistic forms:

Age of Energy,     Classic age of Harmony,  Old Age of information,   Explosion and Death:

Culture: Epic, Lineal Art. Realist, Classic Art.  Baroque Art.  War.

Matter: t<tE: Plasma  Max. E: Gas     E=T:Liquid   Max. T:Solid     T(Mc2)<<E

Star: t<tE:Nebula. Max. E: Gigant star. E=T: Sun. Max. T: White Dwarf. T<<E Nova

Galaxy:t<tE: Jet  Max.E: Irregular.  E=T Spiral<=>Elliptic.  Max.T:Globular   T<<E:Quasar

Universe: t<tE: Big-banging; E=T:Stationary; Max.T:Vortex (Big-crunch); T<<E:Big-bang

In the graph, the singularity that existed prior to the big bang was an ‘old form’, Max.T=Min.E, of max. temporal information, defined by its minimal spatial size, which exploded into pure space, the bidimensional sheet of energy of the ‘young’ Universe, Max.E=Min.T, a form with minimal time and maximum space that now starts to curve again with time, creating the eternal cycle of the Universe, described by General Relativity in terms of its total space-time.

4. The parameters of ST fields: Speed, density and force of existence.
The previous simple definition of the Universal big-bang cycle shows how revealing can be the Quantic Spaces-Times formalism. In that sense Quantic space-time is more interested in ‘morphological changes’ than in ‘translation changes’ studied by classic Physics. Yet both disciplines use some basic mathematical concepts to formalize those processes of change. The 3 fundamental ones are:
- ‘Speed’, which measures the ratio of change between space and time parameters.
Galileo formalized translation change with the equation of translation speed, V=S/T. In Quantic Spaces-Times fields we use the same formula, V=S/T, to measure ‘existential speed’, the morphological change between the inner proportions of spatial energy and temporal information accumulated by any being, that change with the 3 ages of any space-time field:
Thus the speed of existence is maximum at the beginning of the cycle, in the age of energy or youth, when E>T, and hence V=E/T>1.
 In its mature age, the speed of existence hardly changes as the energy and information of the being are in balance: E=T, V=E/T=1.
Next, in the third, old age of the being when information dominates, the speed of existence is minimal, as T>E, and so E/T<1.
Then, when the being goes out of balance, as most energy becomes transformed into information and its speed of existence, Min.E/Max.T, tends to zero, death happens. So the energy and information of the space-time field break apart and information explodes back into energy. Now the speed of existence cannot longer be measured, becomes a mathematical uncertainty.
 Graph 1.7 shows how energy and time change through those 3 ages, giving way to different e/t ratios for each being and each age. Those proportions are, in fact, the ‘scientific constants of existence’ of each species, that show the ratios of energy and information of any being, which remain stable during each age, suffering with the transition between ages and specially at birth and extinction an accelerated ‘peak’ of change. Those constants do exist for the physical systems of the Universe and its forces and particles, (G, c, l.). Yet since the Universe is enormous and lasts billions of years, as their fundamental particles do, Universal constants seem to us ‘absolutely constant’. However in a smaller system such as a chemical re action, they change very fast.
- The density of information, D=T/E, is the inverse function of speed, which shows the informative density and complexity of an space-time field.
-And space-time force’, TxE, which measures the quantity of spatial energy and temporal information of the field caused by the combined ‘quantic action’ of its energy delivered in a period of time, during which the space-time field  ‘inter-acts’ or ‘reacts’ to the quantic action of other space-time field. In Biology it defines a ‘top predator’ as a species with maximum energetic and informative force; that is, with the stronger body and fastest mind.
Most constants and laws of science describe specific space-time fields through its speed (S/T), density (T/S) or space-time Force (ExT). For example, the Planck’s constant is a product between Time and Energy. While a molecular temperature is defined as the ratio between pressure, a temporal parameter and speed, a spatial parameter: P(t) V (e)=nRT. And so it measures the minimal quantic action of the world of atomic particles.
On the other hand, the space-time force of a being is equivalent to the Physical momentum of a particle, M(T) x V(E), or product of its temporal mass and spatial speed. And indeed, the particle with bigger momentum is also the top predator physical particle that survives in any collision.

The classic age of a being and the limits of existence.
We know by experience that the space-time force of a being is maximal in its mature, classic age. Now we can easily prove it in mathematical terms. Since a product maximizes when T=E, which defines precisely the age of maturity.  For example, if E+T=10, then 5x5=25 > 4x6=24 > 3x7=21.
Thus t=e maximizes the TE-force of any organism, because when E is proportional to T, the being maximizes the coordination and communication between the cellular elements of the body and the informative neurons of its brain and so it works smoothly, efficiently: ExTi(t=e) ≈ max. ET.
Thus, the dominant age of any species is the ‘classic age’ of ST-balance and reproduction or ‘steady state’ that elongates the life span of all beings, as their systems maintain their symbiosis.
Those constant proportions make any ST system efficient. So most ‘survival species’ keep harmonic ratios of energy and information, which produce the most ‘beautiful forms’. Since beauty is precisely the perception of an efficient, top predator form with balanced energy and form.
Yet when the E/T proportions are out of balance in the youth and third age of a being, the excess of energy or information often ‘kills’ the species.
Science expresses those balances through all kind of Physical, Mathematical and Biological constants that range from the golden ratios of architecture and natural organisms, to the organic constants of biological species. So we define another essential law of quantic space-time, the law of harmony between energy and information, body and brain, mass and speed (momentum), which in biological, human or physical systems creates the most efficient systems of the Universe.
All organisms are defined by an 'equation of organic balance' between its |-Body and O-Brain or energy and information systems. When the body and brain go out of balance, beyond their limits of energy and information, the species dies. So a human being dies when it goes beyond its limits of energetic temperature. While in the Universe, where the limit of energy-speed is C and the limit of  informative order is 0 K., no particle can cross those limits. Yet, in a quantic Universe of multiple space-times, those are not the absolute limits of speed and temperature of Reality, as Einstein said, but only the limits of our quantic light-based Universe. It seems that beyond our light Universe, it extends a ‘Gravitational Universe’ of ‘dark energy’ and ‘dark matter’, in which there are faster than light speeds and colder than 0 K temperatures. And we hint at its existence in cosmology through the study of black holes that seem to be the doors between both Universes.

II. THE 3 ±1 AGES OF SPECIES

The 1st species packs a lot of information in minimal space: in the graph the big bang black hole, the chip, the 1st bilateral animal and mammal, the horse and the 1st technological, small human.

 

 

5. The Evolutionary Plan of organisms and species. The Ternary Principle.
In Biology the 3±1 ages of a Quantic Spaces-Times field apply both to organisms and to species that go through 3±1 horizons, parallel to those 3±1 ages. Thus there is an informative, ‘intelligent’, organic order in evolution. Though it is not a plan designed by a ‘personal God’ who cares for mankind, but by the limits that the morphology of lineal space and cyclical time and its combinations impose to the evolution of species. Thus the so-called ‘intelligent design’ is the ternary, existential cycle that applies to every form of the Universe as it evolves in 3 possible species: an energetic, lineal species, an informative, cyclical one or a combination of both forms that shapes a balanced ExT, spiralled form. Those 3 forms become the 3 horizons between birth and extinction of any species. Though the arrogance of mankind conditions us to believe either in ‘total chaos’, to make man the only intelligent species (the scientific, Darwinian approach to evolution) or in ‘personal, planning Gods’ (the religious one) that care for us in order to maximize our ‘existential will’, unfortunately empirical facts, of which this book offers many cases, prove that the ‘Game of Existence’ is as intelligent as we are and it has an order indifferent to man, resumed in those 3 ‘differentiations of forms’ repeated ad infinitum in all structures, species, events, cycles and ages shaped by: A form of max. energy; a balanced form, e=t, that reproduces faster and a form of max. information: e, ei, i.

6. The 3 evolutionary horizons of species.
The creation of a new species takes place according to the same 3 ages of any space-time field that become the 3 horizons of any species: after conception that creates ‘a seed’ of pure information and minimal spatial energy, species go through a young age of energy growth that creates ‘big species’; a mature, reproductive age of forms in balance between its energy and information when the species maximizes its reproduction, radiating in huge numbers; and a third horizon of informative evolution when it diversifies into multiple sub-species, becoming finally extinguished, (the equivalent to the death of any organism), or creating a new top predator form, a ‘son species’ that will restart a new cycle of life.

+1:  Birth: max. T. The black hole paradox (conception).
The ‘black hole’ age of any species is parallel to the informative, genetic conception of any organism born out of a ‘seed’ that packs the maximum genetic information in the minimal space. It is caused by the slight dominance of temporal information (quantic time) over spatial energy (quantic space). So a new top predator species is born with a lot of new, genetic information packed in a reduced size (Max. T=Min. E). This happens because information is processed faster in smaller spaces. For example, a ‘logic instruction’ is resolved faster in smaller chips. It follows that tiny species with huge numbers of ‘neurons’ create quantic actions faster than slow, bigger species. And since they are highly informative, they can coordinate those quantic actions in herds that act simultaneously as a single organism. So their S-T force that defines a top predator is higher in each quantic action of space-time that the ‘slow actions’ of a big body. Thus small English boats shooting faster against big galleons defeated the Spanish Armada; a pack of wolfs kill slow reins and herds of orcas kill bigger whales. Small, intelligent top predator brains rule bigger, less informative bodies, because time dominates space, information dominates and shapes energy.
Thus men, the most informative animals, are the Earth’s top predators; black holes, which have maximum gravitational information, are the top predators of the Universe and chips rule machines.

I Horizon: Energy Age: max. E: Top Predators and Extinctions 

In their youth, carbohydrates (fats), worms (planarians), echinoderms, cephalopods, fishes, amphibians, mammals and chipped machines grew into energetic, lineal or planar, big top predators

A newborn, small foetus grows very fast in size as it multiplies its cells. By homology a new species is born as a small, informative, complex being that latter grows in spatial size during its energetic youth becoming a, lineal, energetic, big top predator species, that feeds on less evolved forms. Thus after conception, young fishes grew into big sharks of linear forms; after the polemic Homo Floresiensis invented technology the next Homo Sapiens with an extensive fossil record were big, energetic Neanderthals;the 1st big molecules of life were fat carbohydrate chains of linear form; the 1st insects acquired soon gigantic bodies in the Carboniferous; after chips were born as small machines placed in PCs and toys, the first robots they control are big tool-machines and huge weapons of mass destruction, lineal missiles and planes, that kill human beings.

 II Horizon: Evolution or Age of balance and reproduction: max. E x t. Radiations of species.
Then, the species finds a balance between form and energy and it reproduces in massive radiations: carbohydrates gave birth to amino acids with a nitrogen, informative atom on its ‘relative Head’; sharks gave way to balanced tubular fishes; brachycephalic Neanderthals gave way to dolichocephalic Cro-Magnons that multiplied and colonized all continents; while young giant stars acquire the balanced size of yellow suns, the commonest of all stars.

III Horizon: Evolution or Age of information: Max. i: max. Evolutionary differentiation.

Species grow in height or acquire cyclical forms, as they evolve through their 2nd and 3rd horizons, improving their sensorial, informative skills: Nucleotides become the top predator life molecules, echinoderms change to cyclical forms, fishes organize their networks in the dimension of height, amphibians become round, improving its smell, saurian and mammals become biped.

The main difference between organisms and species happens in their 3rd age, due to the discontinuous nature of the individual ‘cells’ of species, which do not become extinguished unlike the tightly controlled cells of organic systems, dominated by nervous, informative systems that exhaust and warp totally their energy, till the organism collapses. Instead species continue evolving, creating new, complex species with more information, growing in the dimension of height. So the Homo Sapiens evolves ever more complex technological tools; the nucleotide appears when it adds informative depth to the amino acid (with an informative, nitrogen ring and an energetic sugar ring); the yellow sun becomes a neutron star of higher gravitational, informative density; while insects develop a growing brain capacity and bees and ants appear.

- (±1): Extinction Vs Evolution into super-organisms. The scales of the Universe.
Thus, organisms dominated by their informative networks, which consumes the energy of the system very fast, die sooner than species, according to a clock set by the rate at which energy is metabolised, ‘in-formed’, by their nervous system. While species, which are dominated by the individuals and the herds survive for eons with 3 basic strategies according to the ‘ternary plan’:
- Max. E: Creating balanced, trophic pyramids that maintain always a supply of new victims.
 - E=T: Dversifying their individual forms into new species, instead of ‘degenerating’ into a warped space-time field. It is a parallel strategy to the reproduction of an organism, which in this manner survives his own death. Thus we talk of ‘son species’ that create evolutionary, genealogical trees similar to those of any organism. However son species tend to kill-extinct the mother species, feeding on their energy. We call that fact, the Oedipus paradox. So mammals killed reptiles, men killed mammals and robots might kill human beings. While the different generations of an organism work together, creating informative networks between them that shape herds and families.
- Max. I: Species also evolve socially their individual forms into super-organisms, thanks to the creation of informative networks and languages that integrate them into a whole, bigger form, which is more powerful than the individuals of a herd. Organisms are dominated by informative, nervous or hormonal networks that pack closely individual cells of max. information in min. space; while species extend over wider space ecosystems in which they share a min. quantity of information, as individuals of species hardly relate to each other beyond the reproductive couple or the hunting herd. And yet, both go through the same 3 ages of space-time defined by the inverse properties of the energetic youth  (max.E=min.T) that defines the herd and the informative old age (Max. T=Min. E) which defines the organism. Hence we consider that the creation of super-organisms is the final evolutionary stage of a herd of individuals from the same species: each individual of the herd becomes then a ‘relative cell of the body’ of the macro-organism. While the specific language of communication and information of the species becomes the relative nervous/informative network of the super-organism, as pheromones do in anthills or nervous impulses did with cells in the Pre-Cambrian ageor financial and verbal languages are doing among humans in History.
The process of creation of super-organisms, departing from individuals is the key to understand the social, hierarchical structure of the Universe. Once and again, even outside the realm of biological life, quantic species of unconnected individuals have evolved socially, first in herds that share a common energy and then in super-organisms joined by energetic and informative networks that pack together and coordinate into a ‘single present’ the quantic actions of the individual forms, shaping a new top predator being with a space-time force, sum of the force of the individual, smaller cells, with less ‘i’-nformation. In formal terms we say that organic quanta gather around energy and information networks creating a bigger individual, whose actions are the sum of the actions of all its cells: ET=net-1. Thus photonic h-quanta evolved into particles; particles evolved into atoms, which evolved into molecules thanks to electromagnetic networks. Molecules evolved into cells thanks to genetic networks of information. Cells evolved into organisms thanks to nervous and hormonal networks of information. And human organisms have evolved into civilizations thanks to verbal, informative networks. While the Universe has grown in scale thanks to gravitational information from atoms, to molecules, to planets and stars, to galaxies, to the very same Universe. In the next chapter we study the inner structure of all those Quantic Spaces-Times fields organized around 3 types of ‘cellular species’ that evolution has differentiated in time, according to the previous 3±1 horizons; and then symbiosis structures in space in 3 specialized ‘organic classes and networks’ as energetic bodies, informative Heads and reproductive organs. While in Books 2-4 we study the specific Quantic Spaces-Times fields of biological, physical and sociological sciences as all of them follow the ternary plan of creation. Since those 3±1 horizons of existence happen between the birth and death of any species, mapping out both for physical species, born out of the big-bang explosion of a black hole; and for biological species, since the first carbohydrate, the evolution of life from the atom to the human being.

- Extinction: Yet if species fail to achieve informative, social evolution, growing into macro-organisms, they become victims of other species that have continued their evolution. So today 90% of insects are social insects; Neanderthals became extinguished by verbal Homos and protista with limited genetic content (mitochondria) became organelles of social, eucaryotic super-cells.